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גָּדַר(b. h.; v. גדד I) 1) to cut, esp. to harvest dates. B. Mets.89b (Ar. גדד, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 300). B. Bath.36b עד שיגדור ג׳ גדירות until he has reaped three date harvests.Y.Sabb.VII, 9c top; Bab. ib. 73b (terms equivalent to קוצר); Y. ib. 10a ed. Krot. הגורד (corr. acc.).Sabb.50a; 125b חריות … שגְּדָרָן לעצים twigs of a date tree which one cut with the intention of using them for fuel; v. גָּדַע.Tosef.Ber.IV, 21; a. fr.Part. pass. גָּדוּר cut down. Tosef.Shebi.IV, 13 כרם ג׳ בציפורי (Var. גדול; R. S. to Shebi. VI, 4 גריד) a ruined vineyard in Zepphoris. 2) to surround with a גֶּדֶר, fence in; to limit, control, ward off. B. Kam.23a שהיה לו לגֹודְרָהּ ולא גְדָרָהּ he ought to have fenced it in and did not do so. Tosef.M. Kat. I, 7 חומת … גֹּודְרִין אותה if a city wall is broken into, we may fence it in (repair it, during the festive week).Gen. R. s. 49 (play on haaf, Gen. 18:23) אתה גֹודֵר את האף והאף לא יִגְדָּרְךָ Thou controllest the anger, but the anger does not control Thee.Y.Ber.IX, end, 14c וגֹודְרָהּ, v. זָקֵן I.Mikv. V, 6 גודר כלים one may form a dam with garments (Tosef. ib. IV, 10 גרר, corr. acc.). Y.Ber.III, 6c דבר שהוא גֹודֵר את ישראל מןוכ׳ a custom which guards Israel from sin. Lev. R. s. 24 מי שהוא גודר עצמווכ׳ (Y.Yeb.II, 3d top פורש) he who guards himself against sin (restraining himself from anything unchaste) is called holy. Gen. R. s. 70 גָּדְרוּ עצמןוכ׳ trained themselves to chastity; a. fr.Part. pass. גָּדוּר abstinent, chaste. Lev. R. s. 22 ומעצמו הוא ג׳ and he will become abstinent of his own accord. Gen. R. l. c. אנשי מזרח גְּדוּרִיםוכ׳ the people of the East are chaste; a. fr.ג׳ פרצה (or sub. פרצה) to fence in a breach, to remedy calamities, also to check lawlessness by preventive measures (v. גְּזֵרָה). Ber.19a שתִּגְדֹּורוכ׳ that Thou repair our breaches (relieve us); B. Bath.91b.Lev. R. s. 1 (play on Abigdor 1 Chr. 4:4) הרבה גֹודְרִיןוכ׳ Israel had many fence-makers (guardians against sin). Ruth. R. s. 2, a. fr.Erub.6a, a. e. ג׳ בה גדר, v. בִּקְעָה.Y.Erub.X, 26b bot. דלת גודרתוכ׳; Tosef. ib. XI (VII), 18 גוררת ed. Zuck., Var. גוד׳, v. גָּרַר.Y.Sabb.XV, 15b top וגדרתא, read וּגְדָרַתָּהּ. Nif. נִגְדָּר to be guarded; to guard ones self. Y.Sabb.XVII, beg.16a כיון שנִגְדְּרוּ (ib. III, 6a top שנִתְגַּדְּרוּ) when they had been trained (to guard against desecrating the Sabbath). Lev. R. s. 32 נ׳ כל הנשיםוכ׳ all women were made chaste through her meritorious example; a. e. Pi. גִּידֵּר to cut into. Gitt.56b; Lev. R. s. 20; 22; Num. R. s. 18 וגִידּ׳ את הפרוכת and cut into the curtain (Koh. R. to V, 8; Tanḥ. Ḥuck. 1 וגָד׳). Tosef.Shebi.III, 20 מְגַדֵּר בחורשין Var. (ed. Zuck. מברך) to cut into, to clear thickets, v. בהה. Hithpa. הִתְגַּדֵּר 1) ( to cut onesself off from others, to distinguish ones self, to excel; to raise ones self above others, to arrogate power, he presumptuous. Ber.17a כשם שהוא אינו מִתְגַּדֵּרוכ׳ as he cannot excel in my work (study), so can I not in his (field labor). Ḥull.7a my predecessors have left room for me להִתְגַּדֵּר בו to distinguish myself; Yoma 78a; (Y.Dem.II, 22c bot. עטרה לחתעטר, Ar. להתגדר).Ned.81a כדי שלא יִתְגַּדְּרוּ עלוכ׳ in order that they may not be presumptuous towards the people; v. גָּבַר Hithpa. (Mekh. Bshall., Vayassa 1 כבן שמתגדרוכ׳, v. גָּרַר II. 2) to be trained, v. supra Nif.

גָּדַר(b. h.; v. גדד I) 1) to cut, esp. to harvest dates. B. Mets.89b (Ar. גדד, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 300). B. Bath.36b עד שיגדור ג׳ גדירות until he has reaped three date harvests.Y.Sabb.VII, 9c top; Bab. ib. 73b (terms equivalent to קוצר); Y. ib. 10a ed. Krot. הגורד (corr. acc.).Sabb.50a; 125b חריות … שגְּדָרָן לעצים twigs of a date tree which one cut with the intention of using them for fuel; v. גָּדַע.Tosef.Ber.IV, 21; a. fr.Part. pass. גָּדוּר cut down. Tosef.Shebi.IV, 13 כרם ג׳ בציפורי (Var. גדול; R. S. to Shebi. VI, 4 גריד) a ruined vineyard in Zepphoris. 2) to surround with a גֶּדֶר, fence in; to limit, control, ward off. B. Kam.23a שהיה לו לגֹודְרָהּ ולא גְדָרָהּ he ought to have fenced it in and did not do so. Tosef.M. Kat. I, 7 חומת … גֹּודְרִין אותה if a city wall is broken into, we may fence it in (repair it, during the festive week).Gen. R. s. 49 (play on haaf, Gen. 18:23) אתה גֹודֵר את האף והאף לא יִגְדָּרְךָ Thou controllest the anger, but the anger does not control Thee.Y.Ber.IX, end, 14c וגֹודְרָהּ, v. זָקֵן I.Mikv. V, 6 גודר כלים one may form a dam with garments (Tosef. ib. IV, 10 גרר, corr. acc.). Y.Ber.III, 6c דבר שהוא גֹודֵר את ישראל מןוכ׳ a custom which guards Israel from sin. Lev. R. s. 24 מי שהוא גודר עצמווכ׳ (Y.Yeb.II, 3d top פורש) he who guards himself against sin (restraining himself from anything unchaste) is called holy. Gen. R. s. 70 גָּדְרוּ עצמןוכ׳ trained themselves to chastity; a. fr.Part. pass. גָּדוּר abstinent, chaste. Lev. R. s. 22 ומעצמו הוא ג׳ and he will become abstinent of his own accord. Gen. R. l. c. אנשי מזרח גְּדוּרִיםוכ׳ the people of the East are chaste; a. fr.ג׳ פרצה (or sub. פרצה) to fence in a breach, to remedy calamities, also to check lawlessness by preventive measures (v. גְּזֵרָה). Ber.19a שתִּגְדֹּורוכ׳ that Thou repair our breaches (relieve us); B. Bath.91b.Lev. R. s. 1 (play on Abigdor 1 Chr. 4:4) הרבה גֹודְרִיןוכ׳ Israel had many fence-makers (guardians against sin). Ruth. R. s. 2, a. fr.Erub.6a, a. e. ג׳ בה גדר, v. בִּקְעָה.Y.Erub.X, 26b bot. דלת גודרתוכ׳; Tosef. ib. XI (VII), 18 גוררת ed. Zuck., Var. גוד׳, v. גָּרַר.Y.Sabb.XV, 15b top וגדרתא, read וּגְדָרַתָּהּ. Nif. נִגְדָּר to be guarded; to guard ones self. Y.Sabb.XVII, beg.16a כיון שנִגְדְּרוּ (ib. III, 6a top שנִתְגַּדְּרוּ) when they had been trained (to guard against desecrating the Sabbath). Lev. R. s. 32 נ׳ כל הנשיםוכ׳ all women were made chaste through her meritorious example; a. e. Pi. גִּידֵּר to cut into. Gitt.56b; Lev. R. s. 20; 22; Num. R. s. 18 וגִידּ׳ את הפרוכת and cut into the curtain (Koh. R. to V, 8; Tanḥ. Ḥuck. 1 וגָד׳). Tosef.Shebi.III, 20 מְגַדֵּר בחורשין Var. (ed. Zuck. מברך) to cut into, to clear thickets, v. בהה. Hithpa. הִתְגַּדֵּר 1) ( to cut onesself off from others, to distinguish ones self, to excel; to raise ones self above others, to arrogate power, he presumptuous. Ber.17a כשם שהוא אינו מִתְגַּדֵּרוכ׳ as he cannot excel in my work (study), so can I not in his (field labor). Ḥull.7a my predecessors have left room for me להִתְגַּדֵּר בו to distinguish myself; Yoma 78a; (Y.Dem.II, 22c bot. עטרה לחתעטר, Ar. להתגדר).Ned.81a כדי שלא יִתְגַּדְּרוּ עלוכ׳ in order that they may not be presumptuous towards the people; v. גָּבַר Hithpa. (Mekh. Bshall., Vayassa 1 כבן שמתגדרוכ׳, v. גָּרַר II. 2) to be trained, v. supra Nif.

דדי, דָּדָה(b. h.; cmp. זוּז) to move nimbly, hop, trip.Pl. דִּדָּה 1) to walk, pull (a young child or beast unable to walk by itself). Sabb.XVIII, 2 מְדַדִּין עגליןוכ׳ you may lead or pull calves (on the Sabbath). Ib. אשה מְדַדָּהוכ׳ a mother may walk her child. Ib. 128b דוחין אין מדדין לא push you may, but make them hop, no. Pes.IV, 7 (55b) מְדַרִּין ומחזיריןוכ׳ Ar. (ed. only מחזירין). Sabb.88b and the angels מְדַרִּין אותך led them (the frightened Israelites) back; א״ת ידודון אלא יְדַדּוּן read not (Ps. 68:13) yiddodun but ydaddun (they led them). Cant. R. to VIII, 11 the angels מְדַדִּין להםוכ׳ led the Israelites away, והיו מִדַּדִּין לפניוכ׳ and they themselves tripped timidly before the Lord, v. infra. Y.Sabb.XVII, end, 16b; Y.Erub.X, 26c top מְדַדֵּהוּוכ׳ he makes the bolt slide with his finger tips. Cant. R. to IV, 8 (read:) אדין מְדַדֵּם ואינםוכ׳ He had just been leading them (through the Red Sea), and they should not trust?ד׳ פיתקין to shake stones ( ballots), i. e. to protest against. Esth. R. to I, 2 מה״ש מְדַדִּין פיתקיןוכ׳ the angels protested against the Lords decision; Cant. R. to VIII, 11 יִדּוֹדוּן בהם ממדדין פיטקין (read מדדין) they (the angels) were excited against them, they protested (ref. to Joel 4:3). Hithpa. (b. h.) הִדַּדָּה to hop, trip (of young or tied birds). B. Mets.25b אי מִידַּדִּין Ms. M. (ed. אי בְמִדַּ׳) if the tied birds (deposited in a certain place) hop from spot to spot. B. Bath.23b; Bets.11a.

דדי, דָּדָה(b. h.; cmp. זוּז) to move nimbly, hop, trip.Pl. דִּדָּה 1) to walk, pull (a young child or beast unable to walk by itself). Sabb.XVIII, 2 מְדַדִּין עגליןוכ׳ you may lead or pull calves (on the Sabbath). Ib. אשה מְדַדָּהוכ׳ a mother may walk her child. Ib. 128b דוחין אין מדדין לא push you may, but make them hop, no. Pes.IV, 7 (55b) מְדַרִּין ומחזיריןוכ׳ Ar. (ed. only מחזירין). Sabb.88b and the angels מְדַרִּין אותך led them (the frightened Israelites) back; א״ת ידודון אלא יְדַדּוּן read not (Ps. 68:13) yiddodun but ydaddun (they led them). Cant. R. to VIII, 11 the angels מְדַדִּין להםוכ׳ led the Israelites away, והיו מִדַּדִּין לפניוכ׳ and they themselves tripped timidly before the Lord, v. infra. Y.Sabb.XVII, end, 16b; Y.Erub.X, 26c top מְדַדֵּהוּוכ׳ he makes the bolt slide with his finger tips. Cant. R. to IV, 8 (read:) אדין מְדַדֵּם ואינםוכ׳ He had just been leading them (through the Red Sea), and they should not trust?ד׳ פיתקין to shake stones ( ballots), i. e. to protest against. Esth. R. to I, 2 מה״ש מְדַדִּין פיתקיןוכ׳ the angels protested against the Lords decision; Cant. R. to VIII, 11 יִדּוֹדוּן בהם ממדדין פיטקין (read מדדין) they (the angels) were excited against them, they protested (ref. to Joel 4:3). Hithpa. (b. h.) הִדַּדָּה to hop, trip (of young or tied birds). B. Mets.25b אי מִידַּדִּין Ms. M. (ed. אי בְמִדַּ׳) if the tied birds (deposited in a certain place) hop from spot to spot. B. Bath.23b; Bets.11a.

דדי, דָּדָה(b. h.; cmp. זוּז) to move nimbly, hop, trip.Pl. דִּדָּה 1) to walk, pull (a young child or beast unable to walk by itself). Sabb.XVIII, 2 מְדַדִּין עגליןוכ׳ you may lead or pull calves (on the Sabbath). Ib. אשה מְדַדָּהוכ׳ a mother may walk her child. Ib. 128b דוחין אין מדדין לא push you may, but make them hop, no. Pes.IV, 7 (55b) מְדַרִּין ומחזיריןוכ׳ Ar. (ed. only מחזירין). Sabb.88b and the angels מְדַרִּין אותך led them (the frightened Israelites) back; א״ת ידודון אלא יְדַדּוּן read not (Ps. 68:13) yiddodun but ydaddun (they led them). Cant. R. to VIII, 11 the angels מְדַדִּין להםוכ׳ led the Israelites away, והיו מִדַּדִּין לפניוכ׳ and they themselves tripped timidly before the Lord, v. infra. Y.Sabb.XVII, end, 16b; Y.Erub.X, 26c top מְדַדֵּהוּוכ׳ he makes the bolt slide with his finger tips. Cant. R. to IV, 8 (read:) אדין מְדַדֵּם ואינםוכ׳ He had just been leading them (through the Red Sea), and they should not trust?ד׳ פיתקין to shake stones ( ballots), i. e. to protest against. Esth. R. to I, 2 מה״ש מְדַדִּין פיתקיןוכ׳ the angels protested against the Lords decision; Cant. R. to VIII, 11 יִדּוֹדוּן בהם ממדדין פיטקין (read מדדין) they (the angels) were excited against them, they protested (ref. to Joel 4:3). Hithpa. (b. h.) הִדַּדָּה to hop, trip (of young or tied birds). B. Mets.25b אי מִידַּדִּין Ms. M. (ed. אי בְמִדַּ׳) if the tied birds (deposited in a certain place) hop from spot to spot. B. Bath.23b; Bets.11a.

הָפַךְ(b. h.) 1) (act. verb) to turn; to change; to reverse; to pervert, subvert, destroy. Ex. R. s. 18 הָפְכָה המדינה שעבודהוכ׳ a country perverted the rules of forced labor for the captives (treating them inhumanely); ה׳ עליהם את הדיןוכ׳ he changed the law against them and put them to death by night (against the Jewish law, v. Snh.IV, 1). Ib. ה׳ סדום He destroyed Sodom. Ber.55b כשם שהָפַכְתָּוכ׳ as thou didst turn the curse … into blessing, כן הֲפוֹךְוכ׳ so do thou turn B. Kam.III, 3 ההוֹפֵךְ את הגלל he who upturns (changes the place of) the dung (taking possession); a. v. fr.Part. Pass. הָפוּךְ. Pes.50a עולםה׳ ראיתיוכ׳ I saw a reversed world, the uppermost below Sabb.108b הֲפוּכָה סדוםוכ׳ Sodom is subverted and what is said about it is perverted. Sifra Thazr. Par. III, ch. 3 הפוך, הפוכה when its color is changed; a. v. fr.Y.Naz.V, end, 54b לשון הפוך, v. הֶפֶךְ. 2) (neut. verb) to change. Sifra ch. IV אי כוליה׳ לבן if i the whole of it has turned white. Neg. IV, 3; a. fr. Nif. נֶהְפַּךְ 1) to be upturned, destroyed; to be changed. Yalk. Esth. 1056 כשנ׳ סדום when Sodom was subverted. Gen. R. s. 50 ומדינה נֶהְפֶּכֶת, v. אִדְרַבְלָא. Tanḥ. Shmoth 25 נ׳ להם מןוכ׳ the voice turned around, as if coming from ; a. fr. 2) to roll about, v. Hithpa. Pi. הִיפֵּךְ 1) to reverse, pervert, turn. Gen. R. s. 20 שהי׳ דבריםוכ׳ who spoke perversely of the Creator. Kidd.59a עני מְהַפֵּךְוכ׳ a poor man turns the cake, and another comes and takes it, i. e. one who buys away what another is negotiating for. 2) to scheme, v. infra. Hithpa. הִתְהַפֵּךְ, Nithpa. נִתְהַפֵּךְ 1) to be changed, disguise ones self. Gen. R. s. 21 end שהם מִתְהַפְּכִים they (the angels) assume various shapes. 2) to turn ones self around. Ib. שהיא מִתְהַפֶּכֶתוכ׳ for it (the fiery sword) turns around man Yeb.35a; Keth.37a מתהפכת she turns herself (makes violent motions). Ib. נִתְהַפְּכָה (Keth. l. c. נֶהֶפְכָה).Tanḥ. Vayetsé 11 היה מ׳ עליו prevaricated (changing terms). 3) to scheme. Ruth R. introd. 3 שהוא מִתְהַפֵּךְ ובאוכ׳ he (Esaw = Rome) schemes and comes against ; Yalk. Prov. 959 בא ומְהַפֵּךְ עלוכ׳. Ib. שהם מִתְהַפְּכִיםוכ׳; Ruth R. l. c. שמְהַפְּכִין.

הָפַךְ(b. h.) 1) (act. verb) to turn; to change; to reverse; to pervert, subvert, destroy. Ex. R. s. 18 הָפְכָה המדינה שעבודהוכ׳ a country perverted the rules of forced labor for the captives (treating them inhumanely); ה׳ עליהם את הדיןוכ׳ he changed the law against them and put them to death by night (against the Jewish law, v. Snh.IV, 1). Ib. ה׳ סדום He destroyed Sodom. Ber.55b כשם שהָפַכְתָּוכ׳ as thou didst turn the curse … into blessing, כן הֲפוֹךְוכ׳ so do thou turn B. Kam.III, 3 ההוֹפֵךְ את הגלל he who upturns (changes the place of) the dung (taking possession); a. v. fr.Part. Pass. הָפוּךְ. Pes.50a עולםה׳ ראיתיוכ׳ I saw a reversed world, the uppermost below Sabb.108b הֲפוּכָה סדוםוכ׳ Sodom is subverted and what is said about it is perverted. Sifra Thazr. Par. III, ch. 3 הפוך, הפוכה when its color is changed; a. v. fr.Y.Naz.V, end, 54b לשון הפוך, v. הֶפֶךְ. 2) (neut. verb) to change. Sifra ch. IV אי כוליה׳ לבן if i the whole of it has turned white. Neg. IV, 3; a. fr. Nif. נֶהְפַּךְ 1) to be upturned, destroyed; to be changed. Yalk. Esth. 1056 כשנ׳ סדום when Sodom was subverted. Gen. R. s. 50 ומדינה נֶהְפֶּכֶת, v. אִדְרַבְלָא. Tanḥ. Shmoth 25 נ׳ להם מןוכ׳ the voice turned around, as if coming from ; a. fr. 2) to roll about, v. Hithpa. Pi. הִיפֵּךְ 1) to reverse, pervert, turn. Gen. R. s. 20 שהי׳ דבריםוכ׳ who spoke perversely of the Creator. Kidd.59a עני מְהַפֵּךְוכ׳ a poor man turns the cake, and another comes and takes it, i. e. one who buys away what another is negotiating for. 2) to scheme, v. infra. Hithpa. הִתְהַפֵּךְ, Nithpa. נִתְהַפֵּךְ 1) to be changed, disguise ones self. Gen. R. s. 21 end שהם מִתְהַפְּכִים they (the angels) assume various shapes. 2) to turn ones self around. Ib. שהיא מִתְהַפֶּכֶתוכ׳ for it (the fiery sword) turns around man Yeb.35a; Keth.37a מתהפכת she turns herself (makes violent motions). Ib. נִתְהַפְּכָה (Keth. l. c. נֶהֶפְכָה).Tanḥ. Vayetsé 11 היה מ׳ עליו prevaricated (changing terms). 3) to scheme. Ruth R. introd. 3 שהוא מִתְהַפֵּךְ ובאוכ׳ he (Esaw = Rome) schemes and comes against ; Yalk. Prov. 959 בא ומְהַפֵּךְ עלוכ׳. Ib. שהם מִתְהַפְּכִיםוכ׳; Ruth R. l. c. שמְהַפְּכִין.

חֲזַקch. 1) same.Part. pass. חֲזִיק tied up, bandaged. Y.Ber.II, 4c top דהוה ח׳ רישיה when his head was tied up (with a turban); Pesik. R. s. 22 (not רישין, v. notes in ed. Fr.). Y.Pes.X, 37c וח׳ רישיהוכ׳ and his head was tied up (or he felt like having a bandage around his head) ; Y.Shek.III, 47c top והוה חזוק (read חזיק); וחזק (corr. acc.). 2) to take possession. B. Bath.52b, sq. חֲזַק וקני take possession and acquire; a. fr. Pa. חַזֵּיק to fasten.Lev. R. s. 21 (read) חַזֵּק כפתוי tighten his muzzle, v. כֵּיפְתָא.Part. pass. מְחַזַּק. Targ. Y. Gen. 50:1. Af. אַחֲזֵיק as preced. Hif. 1) (with טיבו) to give credit to. Y.Ber.II, 5a bot. אנא מַחֲזִיק טיבו לראשיוכ׳ I give credit to my head, which bends of itself Bab. ib. 19a לאַחֲזוּקֵי ליהוכ׳ that due credit for the preservation of Israel be given to Moses. 2) to presume. Shebu.46b לאַחֲזוּקֵי אינש בגנבי לא מַחְזְקִינָן we must not put a person in the category of thieves (on the charge of one individual); a. e. 3) to adhere to, adopt. Ḥull.4a כיון דאַחֲזִיקוּ בהו א׳ בהו since they (the Samaritans) have adopted it, they observe it (also for Israelites). Ib. אַחֲזוּק ולא א׳וכ׳ as to their observance or non-observance of adopted unwritten customs for Israelites there are differences of opinion; a. fr. 4) to take possession, to claim possession. B. Bath.29b כי היכי דלא תַחְזְקוּ אהדדי ed. (differ. in Ms. M., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) that you might not claim possession against one another. Ib. 36a האי מאן דא׳וכ׳ if one claims a field on the ground of possession, if it lies outside, v. גּוּדָּא I. Ib. לא מַחְזְקֵי בן ולא מַחְזְקִינָן בהו they have no claim of possession against us (for one might have been afraid to disturb them), and they have no claim against us (for, being wealthy, they might not have cared to drive one out); a. fr. 5) to be strong, encouraged. Gitt.62a אַחֲזוּקוּ ‘be strong (a greeting to field laborers, v. preced.). Ithpa. אִתְחַוֵּק, Ithpe. אִתְחֲזֵיק 1) to adhere to. Targ. Prov. 4:13; a. e. 2) to be known, be under the presumption. Targ. Y. Lev. 19:33 (v. preced.).Ḥull.10b היכא דלא א׳ where no presumption (of leprosy) has as yet been formed. Snh.89b דמִיתְחֲזַקוכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. מוחזק) where one is approved (as a righteous prophet), it is different.

חֲזַקch. 1) same.Part. pass. חֲזִיק tied up, bandaged. Y.Ber.II, 4c top דהוה ח׳ רישיה when his head was tied up (with a turban); Pesik. R. s. 22 (not רישין, v. notes in ed. Fr.). Y.Pes.X, 37c וח׳ רישיהוכ׳ and his head was tied up (or he felt like having a bandage around his head) ; Y.Shek.III, 47c top והוה חזוק (read חזיק); וחזק (corr. acc.). 2) to take possession. B. Bath.52b, sq. חֲזַק וקני take possession and acquire; a. fr. Pa. חַזֵּיק to fasten.Lev. R. s. 21 (read) חַזֵּק כפתוי tighten his muzzle, v. כֵּיפְתָא.Part. pass. מְחַזַּק. Targ. Y. Gen. 50:1. Af. אַחֲזֵיק as preced. Hif. 1) (with טיבו) to give credit to. Y.Ber.II, 5a bot. אנא מַחֲזִיק טיבו לראשיוכ׳ I give credit to my head, which bends of itself Bab. ib. 19a לאַחֲזוּקֵי ליהוכ׳ that due credit for the preservation of Israel be given to Moses. 2) to presume. Shebu.46b לאַחֲזוּקֵי אינש בגנבי לא מַחְזְקִינָן we must not put a person in the category of thieves (on the charge of one individual); a. e. 3) to adhere to, adopt. Ḥull.4a כיון דאַחֲזִיקוּ בהו א׳ בהו since they (the Samaritans) have adopted it, they observe it (also for Israelites). Ib. אַחֲזוּק ולא א׳וכ׳ as to their observance or non-observance of adopted unwritten customs for Israelites there are differences of opinion; a. fr. 4) to take possession, to claim possession. B. Bath.29b כי היכי דלא תַחְזְקוּ אהדדי ed. (differ. in Ms. M., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) that you might not claim possession against one another. Ib. 36a האי מאן דא׳וכ׳ if one claims a field on the ground of possession, if it lies outside, v. גּוּדָּא I. Ib. לא מַחְזְקֵי בן ולא מַחְזְקִינָן בהו they have no claim of possession against us (for one might have been afraid to disturb them), and they have no claim against us (for, being wealthy, they might not have cared to drive one out); a. fr. 5) to be strong, encouraged. Gitt.62a אַחֲזוּקוּ ‘be strong (a greeting to field laborers, v. preced.). Ithpa. אִתְחַוֵּק, Ithpe. אִתְחֲזֵיק 1) to adhere to. Targ. Prov. 4:13; a. e. 2) to be known, be under the presumption. Targ. Y. Lev. 19:33 (v. preced.).Ḥull.10b היכא דלא א׳ where no presumption (of leprosy) has as yet been formed. Snh.89b דמִיתְחֲזַקוכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. מוחזק) where one is approved (as a righteous prophet), it is different.

חָכַךְII (onomatop.) 1) to be rough; to rub, scratch. Naz.59a מהו לָחוֹךְ how about (removing the hair by) rubbing (Tosaf.: לחוך ולהִתְחַכֵּךְ about rubbing or being rubbed)? 2) (cmp. חָרַט, a. חַיָּיךְ) to hesitate. Ned.I, 1 היה חוֹכֵךְ בזה להחמיר had some hesitation about deciding in favor of greater stringency (for the expression מנודה; oth. opin. in R. N. to Bab. ib. 7a: denom. of חֵךְ had a taste for &c). Hithpa. הִתְחַכִּךְ, Nithpa. נִתְחַכֵּךְ to rub ones self against a rough object; to be rubbed. B. Kam.IV, 6 שור שהיה מִתְחַכֵּךְוכ׳ an ox that scratched himself against a wall; Tosef. ib. IV, 6. B. Kam.3a נִתְחַכְּכָהוכ׳ she (the animal) scratched herself against a wall for her gratification (without intention to do injury) Naz.59a, v. supra; a. fr. Pi. חִיכֵּךְ (v. חוּךְ II) to hawk; to deride. Gen. R. s. 67 (play on הכי, Gen. 27:36) התחיל מְחַכֵּךְ בגרונווכ׳ he began to hawk with his throat (to express contempt), like one that hawks and spits; Tanḥ. Ki Thetsé 10; Pesik. Zakh., p. 27b>, v. זְמוֹרָה; (Ar. ed. Koh. s. v. זמר: חִיכְחֵךְ, Pilp.Cmp. כָּחַח.

חָכַךְII (onomatop.) 1) to be rough; to rub, scratch. Naz.59a מהו לָחוֹךְ how about (removing the hair by) rubbing (Tosaf.: לחוך ולהִתְחַכֵּךְ about rubbing or being rubbed)? 2) (cmp. חָרַט, a. חַיָּיךְ) to hesitate. Ned.I, 1 היה חוֹכֵךְ בזה להחמיר had some hesitation about deciding in favor of greater stringency (for the expression מנודה; oth. opin. in R. N. to Bab. ib. 7a: denom. of חֵךְ had a taste for &c). Hithpa. הִתְחַכִּךְ, Nithpa. נִתְחַכֵּךְ to rub ones self against a rough object; to be rubbed. B. Kam.IV, 6 שור שהיה מִתְחַכֵּךְוכ׳ an ox that scratched himself against a wall; Tosef. ib. IV, 6. B. Kam.3a נִתְחַכְּכָהוכ׳ she (the animal) scratched herself against a wall for her gratification (without intention to do injury) Naz.59a, v. supra; a. fr. Pi. חִיכֵּךְ (v. חוּךְ II) to hawk; to deride. Gen. R. s. 67 (play on הכי, Gen. 27:36) התחיל מְחַכֵּךְ בגרונווכ׳ he began to hawk with his throat (to express contempt), like one that hawks and spits; Tanḥ. Ki Thetsé 10; Pesik. Zakh., p. 27b>, v. זְמוֹרָה; (Ar. ed. Koh. s. v. זמר: חִיכְחֵךְ, Pilp.Cmp. כָּחַח.

יָפַע(b. h.; cmp. יָפֶה), Hif. הוֹפִיעַ 1) to join, arrive (cmp. אָתָא), to come forth, appear. Gen. R. s. 12 כל א׳ וא׳ה׳ בזמנו each (part of creation) came forth in its due time (though all were created at once). 2) to bring, transfer. B. Kam.38a (ref. to Deut. 33:2) מפארןה׳ ממונםוכ׳ from (what occurred at) Paran (the gentiles refusing to receive the Law) he (the Lord) transferred their wealth to Israel. 3) to bring about, bring to light, reveal. Gen. R. s. 90; Yalk. ib. 148 (play on צ̇פ̇נ̇ת̇ פ̇ע̇נ̇ח̇) צפ̇ונ̇ות̇ הופ̇יע̇ ונ̇ח̇ותוכ׳ he reveals secrets, and it is easy to him to tell them; צ̇פ̇ונ̇ות̇ הופיע̇ בדעת מנ̇יח̇וכ׳ he brings secret things to light through his intelligence; with them he sets mankind at ease. Macc.23b; Gen. R. s. 85 בג׳ מקומותה׳רוה״ק on three occasions did the holy spirit reveal (the true state of affairs); (oth. opin. v. פּוּעַ). Koh. R. to VII, 1 (play on פועה, Ex. 1:15) שהוֹפִיעָה את מעשה אחיה she (Miriam) brought about what happened to her brother (she was the cause of Moses peculiar career). 4) to lift up, raise. Ex. R. s. 1 (play on פועה, v. supra) שהופיעה את ישראלוכ׳ she (Miriam) lifted Israel up to God.ה׳ פנים כנגד to lift ones face up against, to have the courage to rebuke. Ib. שהופיעה פ׳ … וזקפהוכ׳ she lifted her face up against Pharaoh and turned her nose up against him (in angry rebuke). Ib. שה׳ פ׳ כנגד אביה she dared to reprove her father. Y.B. Kam.IV, 4b top.

יָפַע(b. h.; cmp. יָפֶה), Hif. הוֹפִיעַ 1) to join, arrive (cmp. אָתָא), to come forth, appear. Gen. R. s. 12 כל א׳ וא׳ה׳ בזמנו each (part of creation) came forth in its due time (though all were created at once). 2) to bring, transfer. B. Kam.38a (ref. to Deut. 33:2) מפארןה׳ ממונםוכ׳ from (what occurred at) Paran (the gentiles refusing to receive the Law) he (the Lord) transferred their wealth to Israel. 3) to bring about, bring to light, reveal. Gen. R. s. 90; Yalk. ib. 148 (play on צ̇פ̇נ̇ת̇ פ̇ע̇נ̇ח̇) צפ̇ונ̇ות̇ הופ̇יע̇ ונ̇ח̇ותוכ׳ he reveals secrets, and it is easy to him to tell them; צ̇פ̇ונ̇ות̇ הופיע̇ בדעת מנ̇יח̇וכ׳ he brings secret things to light through his intelligence; with them he sets mankind at ease. Macc.23b; Gen. R. s. 85 בג׳ מקומותה׳רוה״ק on three occasions did the holy spirit reveal (the true state of affairs); (oth. opin. v. פּוּעַ). Koh. R. to VII, 1 (play on פועה, Ex. 1:15) שהוֹפִיעָה את מעשה אחיה she (Miriam) brought about what happened to her brother (she was the cause of Moses peculiar career). 4) to lift up, raise. Ex. R. s. 1 (play on פועה, v. supra) שהופיעה את ישראלוכ׳ she (Miriam) lifted Israel up to God.ה׳ פנים כנגד to lift ones face up against, to have the courage to rebuke. Ib. שהופיעה פ׳ … וזקפהוכ׳ she lifted her face up against Pharaoh and turned her nose up against him (in angry rebuke). Ib. שה׳ פ׳ כנגד אביה she dared to reprove her father. Y.B. Kam.IV, 4b top.

כָּשַׁל(b. h.; cmp. כִּשְׁכֵּש) to strike against, stumble. Lev. R. s. 19 (ref. to Is. 35:3) שהן נראות כאילו כּוֹשְׁלוֹת knees which have the appearance of stumbling (threaten to stumble). Ib. שכְּשַׁלְתֶּםוכ׳ for you have really stumbled (sinned) through your evil deeds. Num. R. s. 16 כְּשַׁלְתֶּם you have stumbled (were discouraged; Tanḥ. Shlaḥ 2 נתרשלתם); a. e.כּוֹשֵׁל (law) weak, under legal disadvantages (in adapt. of Is. l. c. a. Job 4:4). Keth.IX, 2 ינתנו לַכּ׳ שבהן let it be given him who is under the greatest disadvantage of all (the claimants being the deceased mans widow, his creditor and his heirs); expl. ib. 84a לכ׳ שבראיה to him who is under disadvantage for evidence (whose document is of the latest date); (oth. opin. לכתובת אשה to the widow, v. חִינָּא; Y. ib. IX, 33a top לכ׳ שבראיותיווכ׳ to him who is the weakest as to evidence, e. g. he who loaned without witnesses as against him who has witnesses. Ib. לכ׳ בגופו to him who is in feeble health (and poor). Nif. נִכְשַׁל 1) to be struck, meet with an accident. Mekh. Bshall.s.2 לא נ׳ אחדוכ׳ not one of them (the Egyptians) met with an accident (was detained) on the road. Y.Sabb.VI, 8c bot. נ׳ באצבעו got a sore finger; ib. XVI, 15c top; Lam. R. to IV, 20; a. e. 2) to stumble, fall; to be led to sin. Pesik. Shub., p. 165a> והיו … נִכְשָׁלִין בו and people stumbled over it (the rock); Yalk. Hos. 533. Ib. אדם נ׳ בעכירה if man becomes a victim of sin. Gitt.43a אין אדם …אא״כ נ׳ בהן one never gets at the true sense of the words of the Law, except after mistakes; Ḥag.14a; Sabb.120a.Ber.28b ולא אֶכָּשֵׁל בדבר הלכה and that I may not err against a hălakhah; ולא יִכָּשְׁלוּוכ׳ nor may my colleagues Midr. Till. to Ps. 22 בשביל … איני נִכְשֶׁלֶת because I am a queen, I shall not come to grief; a. fr. Hif. הִכְשִׁיל to cause to stumble, to be an obstruction; to weaken; to cause sin. Y.Shebi.III, end, 34d a breach in the fence מַכְשֶׁלֶת את הרבים annoying the publis (an obstruction to traffic). R. Hash. I, 6 נמצאת מַכְשִׁילָן לע״ל thou wilt make them sin in future case (by their refraining from going to court); Yoma 77b שלא תהא מַכְשִׁילָןוכ׳ that thou mayest not cause them to sin (by staying away from college); Kidd.33a; Ḥull.54b מְכַשְּׁלָן (Pi.).Ab. Zar.11b פיהם הִכְשִׁילָן לרשעים Ms. M. (ed. ה׳ פיהם) their own (ominous) words brought these wicked men to fall; Num. R. s. 18. B. Kam.16b; B. Bath.9b (ref. to מכשלים, Jer. 18:23) הַכְשִׁילֵםוכ׳ make them stumble by sending them unworthy subjects of charity. Midr. Till. to Ps. 90. לעצמי הייתי מַכְשִׁיל I should have injured myself. Pi. כִּישֵּׁל 1) same, v. supra. 2) to weaken, break the force of. Y.Ber.IX, 13c bot. מְכַשְּׁלוֹ בגבעות (Gen. R. s. 24 מרשלו), v. חָשַׁל.

כָּשַׁל(b. h.; cmp. כִּשְׁכֵּש) to strike against, stumble. Lev. R. s. 19 (ref. to Is. 35:3) שהן נראות כאילו כּוֹשְׁלוֹת knees which have the appearance of stumbling (threaten to stumble). Ib. שכְּשַׁלְתֶּםוכ׳ for you have really stumbled (sinned) through your evil deeds. Num. R. s. 16 כְּשַׁלְתֶּם you have stumbled (were discouraged; Tanḥ. Shlaḥ 2 נתרשלתם); a. e.כּוֹשֵׁל (law) weak, under legal disadvantages (in adapt. of Is. l. c. a. Job 4:4). Keth.IX, 2 ינתנו לַכּ׳ שבהן let it be given him who is under the greatest disadvantage of all (the claimants being the deceased mans widow, his creditor and his heirs); expl. ib. 84a לכ׳ שבראיה to him who is under disadvantage for evidence (whose document is of the latest date); (oth. opin. לכתובת אשה to the widow, v. חִינָּא; Y. ib. IX, 33a top לכ׳ שבראיותיווכ׳ to him who is the weakest as to evidence, e. g. he who loaned without witnesses as against him who has witnesses. Ib. לכ׳ בגופו to him who is in feeble health (and poor). Nif. נִכְשַׁל 1) to be struck, meet with an accident. Mekh. Bshall.s.2 לא נ׳ אחדוכ׳ not one of them (the Egyptians) met with an accident (was detained) on the road. Y.Sabb.VI, 8c bot. נ׳ באצבעו got a sore finger; ib. XVI, 15c top; Lam. R. to IV, 20; a. e. 2) to stumble, fall; to be led to sin. Pesik. Shub., p. 165a> והיו … נִכְשָׁלִין בו and people stumbled over it (the rock); Yalk. Hos. 533. Ib. אדם נ׳ בעכירה if man becomes a victim of sin. Gitt.43a אין אדם …אא״כ נ׳ בהן one never gets at the true sense of the words of the Law, except after mistakes; Ḥag.14a; Sabb.120a.Ber.28b ולא אֶכָּשֵׁל בדבר הלכה and that I may not err against a hălakhah; ולא יִכָּשְׁלוּוכ׳ nor may my colleagues Midr. Till. to Ps. 22 בשביל … איני נִכְשֶׁלֶת because I am a queen, I shall not come to grief; a. fr. Hif. הִכְשִׁיל to cause to stumble, to be an obstruction; to weaken; to cause sin. Y.Shebi.III, end, 34d a breach in the fence מַכְשֶׁלֶת את הרבים annoying the publis (an obstruction to traffic). R. Hash. I, 6 נמצאת מַכְשִׁילָן לע״ל thou wilt make them sin in future case (by their refraining from going to court); Yoma 77b שלא תהא מַכְשִׁילָןוכ׳ that thou mayest not cause them to sin (by staying away from college); Kidd.33a; Ḥull.54b מְכַשְּׁלָן (Pi.).Ab. Zar.11b פיהם הִכְשִׁילָן לרשעים Ms. M. (ed. ה׳ פיהם) their own (ominous) words brought these wicked men to fall; Num. R. s. 18. B. Kam.16b; B. Bath.9b (ref. to מכשלים, Jer. 18:23) הַכְשִׁילֵםוכ׳ make them stumble by sending them unworthy subjects of charity. Midr. Till. to Ps. 90. לעצמי הייתי מַכְשִׁיל I should have injured myself. Pi. כִּישֵּׁל 1) same, v. supra. 2) to weaken, break the force of. Y.Ber.IX, 13c bot. מְכַשְּׁלוֹ בגבעות (Gen. R. s. 24 מרשלו), v. חָשַׁל.

לָחַםII (b. h.; v. preced.) to join. Nif. נִלְחָם (cmp. use of זָוַג Nithpa.) to come in ( hostile) contact, to battle; with ל of person, to assist, battle for. Mekh. Bshall.2 (ref. to Ex. 14:14) לא … יִלָּחֵם לכם אלא לעולם ילחם כנגדןוכ׳ not only this time will he assist you, but he will always battle against your enemies. Tanḥ. Masé 6 כשהלך לחִלָּחֵם בישראל when he (Sisera) went to war against Ib. Vayera 7 (ref. בלחומו, Job 20:23) על המלחמות שהיו נִלְחָמִים עםוכ׳ for the battles which they fought against the Lord; a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְלַחֵם to contest, dispute. Y.M. Kat. III, 81d top אם חברים מִתְלַחֲמִיםוכ׳ if scholars are at variance with one another, what concern is it to you? (B. Mets.59b מנצחים זה את זהוכ׳).

לָחַםII (b. h.; v. preced.) to join. Nif. נִלְחָם (cmp. use of זָוַג Nithpa.) to come in ( hostile) contact, to battle; with ל of person, to assist, battle for. Mekh. Bshall.2 (ref. to Ex. 14:14) לא … יִלָּחֵם לכם אלא לעולם ילחם כנגדןוכ׳ not only this time will he assist you, but he will always battle against your enemies. Tanḥ. Masé 6 כשהלך לחִלָּחֵם בישראל when he (Sisera) went to war against Ib. Vayera 7 (ref. בלחומו, Job 20:23) על המלחמות שהיו נִלְחָמִים עםוכ׳ for the battles which they fought against the Lord; a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְלַחֵם to contest, dispute. Y.M. Kat. III, 81d top אם חברים מִתְלַחֲמִיםוכ׳ if scholars are at variance with one another, what concern is it to you? (B. Mets.59b מנצחים זה את זהוכ׳).

מוֹדָעָא(h. form מוֹרָעָה) f. (יְרַע) declaration, esp. protest before witnesses against a forced or unduly influenced action. B. Bath.40a לא כתבינן מ׳ אלא אמאןוכ׳ we write a protest only against a person who does not submit to law. Ib.b הויא מ׳ לחברתה the order to write a deed of donation in secret is a protest annulling a subsequent disposal by deed. Ib. 49a מ׳ היו דברינו if witnesses subscribed to a deed say, We signed after the owner bad entered a verbal protest before us against the deed; a. fr.

מוֹדָעָא(h. form מוֹרָעָה) f. (יְרַע) declaration, esp. protest before witnesses against a forced or unduly influenced action. B. Bath.40a לא כתבינן מ׳ אלא אמאןוכ׳ we write a protest only against a person who does not submit to law. Ib.b הויא מ׳ לחברתה the order to write a deed of donation in secret is a protest annulling a subsequent disposal by deed. Ib. 49a מ׳ היו דברינו if witnesses subscribed to a deed say, We signed after the owner bad entered a verbal protest before us against the deed; a. fr.

מחי, מָחָה,(מָחַח) (b. h.; v. מָהָה) to rub, wipe out; to wear out, destroy. (In Talm. mostly מָחַק. Erub.l3a; Sot.II, 4 (17b) (ref. to ימחה, Num. 5:23) כתב שיכול לִמְחוֹת (Mish. להִמָּחֵק) a writing which one can wash off. Gen. R. s. 23 (play on מחויאל, Gen. 4:18) מוֹחָן אניוכ׳ I shall wipe them out of the world; a. e.V. מָחוּי. Pi. מִיחָה (to strike out, annul, 1) to protest against. B. Bath.38b מי׳ בפני שנים if he entered a protest against the illegitimate occupation of his property in the presence of two (v. מְחָאָה). Ib. וכי למָחוֹתוכ׳ must he protest in the occupants presence?Keth.11a מִיחֲתָה she protested against her conversion in childhood. Pes.88a יכולה למחות she has the privilege of protesting (declaring her preference); a. fr. 2) (with ב or ביד of the person) to forewarn, interfere, try to prevent. Sabb.55b bot. מפני שהיה לו … בחפני ולא מי׳ (not לחפני, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) it was for Ph. to forewarn Hofni, and he did not. Ib.a שאם מִיחוּ בהם לא יקבלו מהם (Ms. M. מחו … קבלו) that if they warned them, they would not have heeded them. Pes.IV, 8, a. e. לא מיחו בידם they did not prohibit their doing so; a. fr.Cant. R. to IV, 12 עמדו הבנית (ו)מִיחוּ על עצמןוכ׳ the daughters (in their fathers absence) entered a protest concerning themselves and gave themselves away to husbands (Pesik. Bshall., p. 82a>, a. e. נתעסקו בעצמן). Hif. הִמְחָה 1) to dissolve, dilute. Y.Pes.III, beg.29d ה׳ את החמץ if (by boiling) he made a mush of the leavened matter (made it unrecognizable). Ḥull.120a; Y.Maas. Sh. II, beg. 53b, a. e., v. גָּמָא; a. fr. (interchanging with הִמְהָה).Tosef.Par.IX (VIII), 8 הִמְחָן באור (not באויר) if he thawed the frozen water by artificial heat.(Midr. Till. to Ps. 6:7 וממחה, read וממסה, v. מָסָה. 2) to rub off, cleanse, polish. B. Bath. V, 10 מַמְחֶה משקלותיו cleanses his weights. Lev. R. s. 7 (play on מיחים, Ps. 66:15) כזה שהוא ממחה בקערה like him who wipes a dish (licks the remnants up); Pesik. Eth Korb., p. 61a>; Pesik. R. s. 16; a. e.Pirké dR. El. ch. XVII מַמְחָה בכפיה she produces a sound by rubbing her hands (in sympathy with the mourners). 3) (denom. of מוּמְחֶה) to recognize as an authority; in gen. to authorize; to appoint. Snh.23a לא כל הימנו … שהִמְחוּהוּ רבים עליהם he cannot reject a judge whom the majority has recognized as an authority over them. B. Mets. IX, 12 הִמְחֵהוּ אצלוכ׳ if he gave him an order to the storekeeper. Y.Pes.VIII, 35d top אם במַמְחִין סתם האשה מַמְחָהוכ׳ if by מדעתו is meant giving authority (and not merely knowing and tolerating), it is tacitly understood that a woman makes an appointment as if saying, I will dine with my children; if it means merely knowing, then theMishnah (Pes. VIII, 1) means appointment.Y.Sabb.XIII, beg.14a הממחה צדדיו ed. Krot., v. מָתַח. Nif. נִמְחֶה to be dissolved, washed away; to be wiped out, destroyed. Y.Pes.III, beg.29d a cake boiled שלא נ׳ without being mashed beyond recognition (v. supra). Taan.III, 8, a. e. אם נִמְחֵיתוכ׳, whether the stone … has been washed away, v. אֶבֶן. Tosef. Par. l. c. נִימּוֹחוּ (fr. מָחַח) the water was thawed up. Gen. R. s. 28. אפי׳ אסטרובולין … נ׳. even the millstone was washed away. Ib. וכמה נימוחו מהם and how many of them were destroyed?; a. e.